For more information, visit Purdue OWL website.
As with all Citations, check Noodletools for In-Text Citation guidance. For each source, Noodletools will instruct / guide on how to create an in-text citation for each individual source.
The table below gives some examples of basic in-text citations.
| Author/Source | In-Text Citation(s) | Structure & Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| No author |
(Corgi Care 41) ("Nothing Lost" 178) |
Use shortened version of title Italics are used for whole sources, like books, plays, entire websites. Quotation marks are used for works part of a bigger source (chapter in a book, article in a journal, post in a blog). |
| 1 author | (Epstein 16-21) | Author's last name and page number(s) (if available) |
|
1 author, 2 sources |
(Austen Emma and Mansfield Park) | Author's last name with 1st source's title and 2nd source's title |
|
2 authors, 1 source |
(Eriksson and Sagen 23) | 1 Authors last name and 2nd Author's last name |
| 3+ authors | (Leung et al. 58) | 1st Author's last name with et al. and page number |
| Editor | (Castillo 74) | Editor's last name and page number |
|
Different sources, Same in-text citation |
(Sarreal 11; Dearce 65) | Author's last name and page number of 1st source; Author's last name and page number of 2nd source |
| Source divided into numbered parts | (Luxemburg, ch. 26) | Add a comma after the author's last name and give a paragraph, section, or chapter number with relevant abbreviation |
| Play with numbered lines | (Shakespeare 1.2.95) | Include the act, scene, and line numbers separated by periods, instead of a page number |
| Audiovisual source | (Wynn 10:23-45) | Include the time range as displayed in the media player |
| Source with no numbered divisions | (Rajaram) | Include only the author's last name or, if no author, the shortened title |
| Multiple sources with same author |
(Butler, Gender Trouble 27) (Butler, "Performative Acts" 522) |
If you cite more than one work by the same author, add a shortened title to signal which source you are referencing. |
| Different authors with the same last name |
(A. Butler 19) (J. Butler 27) |
To distinguish between different authors with the same lat name, use the authors' initials or, if the initials are the same, use the full first names. |
